Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Vietnamese And Pakistani Culture Essays - Divorce, Types Of Marriage

Vietnamese And Pakistani Culture Vietnamese Vs. Pakistani What is culture? Culture is set of educated practices, convictions, perspectives, qualities, and thoughts that are normal for a specific culture or populace. In this paper, I will thoroughly analyze Pakistani and Vietnamese culture. Moreover, I will talk about what I have gained from this activity. In Vietnam conventional job of the lady in the public eye has been that of nurturer: to remain inside the limits of the home to think about the family. In Pakistan and Vietnam ladies are raised and instructed how to turn out to be acceptable girls, spouses, and moms. They are informed that they should comply with their spouses, regard their folks and their folks in-law, and strive to help the family. In Vietnam guardians doesn't lean toward their girls to go to class or work in a place that is regularly involved by a man. The greater part of the ladies don't work. They remain at home and care for their family. In Pakistan the vast majority of waves and little girls avoid sight of other men due to the religion severity. Pakistani ladies remain in the house, behind the cloak, in unique areas of transports, and in the family region of the eateries. For Pakistani Muslims this is the best approach to show regard and commitment towards ladies. Pakistani has confidence in training for their little girls and children. Be that as it may, children get the main goal and advanced education. Additionally young ladies must go to isolate school from young men until she will arrive at University, which is multi year in school. As it were, until she is locked in and full grown enough not to experience passionate feelings for somebody her folks confine. In Vietnamese and in Pakistani culture, their more established kin organize relationships. Marriage is progressively similar to bargain, which is made between two families. In any case, as the time has changed young ladies are not compelled to wed anyway when young lady is the one to pick she will pick her partner base on adoration and family understanding. At the point when guardians pick a person for their little girl it's typically the best offer which implies that person is taught, have stable future, and rich. Be that as it may, when young lady is being picked guardians need to have solid, dedicated little girl in-law, who might deal with their family's government assistance. A reasonable situation under these conditions is a marriage between a 17 years of age young lady and a 7-year-old kid. At the point when that spouse arrives at adulthood, he would understand that his better half may be unreasonably old for him; and he would be qualified for accept a more youthful young lady as his subsequent wife. Polygamy was acknowledged in Vietnam however remarriage for the spouse isn't permitted since, loyalty to her first husband is required. Consequently the principal spouse, being limited by the old custom, must stay a forlorn slave with her better half's family until her demise. In Pakistani culture lady has no platitude in any part of her life, including her own marriage, and when pledged, has a place unnecessarily with her better half's family. At the point when fellow's folks search for a mate for their child not that she must be lovely and respectful young lady yet in addition who will bring incredible measure of endowment. To all degrees and purposes she is an alienable property, and once the lady of the hour cost has been paid, she can't be returned, reg ardless of whether in a condition of separation, division or bereft. In the two societies young ladies must comply with her parents in law so as to pick up regard in her significant other's home. In Vietnam and in Pakistan family is significant. They have joint family framework. After the marriage girls move out of the house anyway children remain with their folks atlongest they can. Family size in Vietnam is genuinely enormous. Back in the days 12-16 was ordinary family size. In any case, as destitution and populace has expanded so the family size has diminished to 3-4. On other hand side, in Pakistan run of the mill family size is around 3-5. In Pakistan and in Vietnam guardians want to have children than girls. In the two societies Parents anticipate that their youngsters should be great and compliance. In this way, severe physical discipline is utilized for discipline. Guardians are typically hard and exacting on young ladies anyway they are adaptable with regards to young men. Guardians are progressively defensive about little girls and they anticipate young ladies

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Personality Development Case Essay Example for Free

Character Development Case Essay Accomplishment in business and individual life is dictated by one’s capacity to discuss viably with others. â€Å"Social intelligence,† or the capacity to collaborate, talk, haggle with, and convince others, is the most generously compensated and regarded type of expertise one can have, and this can be created. Understudies taking part in this program will encounter an uncommon change regarding character, relational abilities, certainty level and the perspective on. The whole program depends on the idea of learning and gaining abilities most adequately when one isn't feeling the squeeze. The entire procedure of gaining abilities resembles a game †engaging and energizing. It is like the manner in which a youngster figures out how to impart and gain aptitudes, yet with more prominent mindfulness. Essential Personality Development Workshop A wholistic workshop concentrated on the people appearance, basic manners, and character. This workshop will assist the members with projecting themselves in a corporate setting through decent behaviors and decorum. Nearness, Polish, and Power Workshop This workshop intends to assist members with anticipating a certain, proficient and cleaned picture. The Art of Business Dining This is a complete meeting on all that one has to think about high end food: from utilization of essential instruments to taking part in table talk. The goal of this course is to assist the individual make a positive impression with others and upgrade the picture of the organization the person speaks to. Health in the Workplace This workshop was intended for pioneers and people who will in the long run oversee groups. Stress influences efficiency and collaboration. Its consequently significant for a pioneer to address genuine and potential stressors in the workplace and at home. Making Lasting Connections This workshop fills in as a prologue to the study of social knowledge it will assist you with picking up bits of knowledge on human relations; how to more readily understand individuals, circumstances and respond as needs be. Key Topics * Personality Development * Confidence Building * Business Etiquette * Corporate Grooming * International Etiquette * Social Etiquette * Dining Etiquette/Table Manners * Gentlemen Etiquette * Ladies Etiquette * English Voice/Accent * Dress Code * Presentation Skills * Personal Counseling

Friday, August 14, 2020

EA, RA, and Transfer Updates

EA, RA, and Transfer Updates Happy November its almost Thanksgiving! Here are some updates and notes: Responsive Design: Notice anythign different about our website? mitadmissions.org is now responsive, meaning it should look equally good on a desktop, laptop, tablet, iPad, Kindle, mobile phone, iPhone, whatever. What do you think? Let us know how it looks! MyMIT Tracking for EA: We are still processing thousands of documents. Do not worry/call/email if something is not showing up yet on your MyMIT tracking. Once were up-to-date, well let you know, and send an email to those people we still need something from. Transfer deadline: Tomorrow, November 15, is a transfer deadline for MIT. Feel free to ask questions here, if you have any! Sandy: If you were impacted by Hurricane (are people really still calling it Superstorm?) Sandy, we will be flexible with your EA application materials. I know some schools and homes are still out of power, and we dont want admission to be a worry. If you have submitted your EA Part 1 but not yet your Part 2, you can still do so. If you have not yet submitted your EA Part 1, you will need to select Regular Action when you submit it, and then email us and have us change it to Early Action (sorry for that minor inconvenience). If you were scheduled to take November SATs (Reasoning Test or Subject Tests) and have been rescheduled to November 17 (or 18), please fill out this form. However, if your November test was rescheduled for December, we will not receive this in time for EA consideration. And we continue to be flexible with all of your school/teacher forms. Best wishes for a quick recovery! RA Interview Deadline: If you are applying for RA, I recommend you schedule your interview now, or very soon. The deadline to contact your EC is December 10, but I strongly suggest you not wait until this last minute. Note that we cannot accomodate all overseas international students for interviews, so if your interview is waived, there is no more you will need to do at this time. EA Decisions: We have not set any date for EA decisions. It will probably be in mid-to-late December. Please be patient while we go through thousands of applications! I hope this is helpful. Best wishes!

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Domestic Violence And Its Effects On Women - 1599 Words

Domestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domestic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: Types, Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Effects,† the authors, Benedictis, Jaffe, and Segal, claim that, â€Å"Domestic abuse is not a result of losing control; domestic abuse is intentionally trying to control another person. The abuser is purposefully using verbal, nonverbal, or physical means to gain control over the other person† (Benedictis, Jaffe, Segal 1). Desiring control over the victim is one of the leading causes of domestic violence. Domestic violence is caused by, but not limited to, a partner’s need to dominate, past and childhood experiences, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, domestic violence tends to appear in many forms . Nonetheless, domestic violence is an occurring problem in today’s society and continuously takes a toll on millions worldwide. There are five initial forms of domestic violence: physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and economic (New York State 1). Physical abuse is the act of inflicting pain or physical injury towards someone else and/orShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1654 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence against women has been recognised internationally by the world Health Organization (WHO, 2013).Women has been facing different types of violence since the age of 15 such as physical, emotional or verbal abuse. The highest prevalence of domestic violence (DV) is from their intimate partner/perpetrator both physical emotional (WHO, 2013). It has been depicted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2013) that rate of domestic violence against women by their intimateRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. StereotypicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1601 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions that women who suffer from domestic violence ask themselves everyday. Thousands of women every year face abuse from their male partners. It is estimated that three women a day are murdered in the US everyday by a current or past male partner (Huffington Post), therefore proving that an argument between two people in love can result in more than just heartbreak. Partner abuse against women is an epidemic that needs to be addressed. Domestic violence is a very serious issue that women face in modernRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesaddressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner, such as the vio lence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, RegehrRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1362 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a sensitive topic even though media and society are providing more information about this topic. Domestic violence not only affects women but children and family in general. This issue is a very sensitive topic and not a lot of individuals are comfortable talking about it or sharing if they have either experience or have someone in their lives that had been subjected to abuse. Sadly, domestic violence is experienced by many people and it does not matter what race, gender, socialRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women2258 Words   |  10 Pagespossible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer. Research has continuously shown that men are the primary perpetrators of violence and women being the victims which has led to increased awareness of the effects of Domestic violence on women. However, what researchers have failed to acknowledge is that women too can be perpetrators of violence and abuse against their partners and children (World Health Organisation, 2012). Although women canRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women889 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, moreRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1183 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom there. Everyone in a homebound affiliation is at risk of obtaining a violent status. Domestic violence has had the grandest impact on women. It can be found all over the world, within various countries. Domestic violence has a harsh, negative, and destructive influence on women; domestic violence can lead to em otional, physical, and psychological damage. Domestic violence is defined as an act of violence within the household. The aforementioned is one of the most underestimated and underreportedRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence Towards Women2023 Words   |  9 Pages Domestic violence towards women is a problem that is often overlooked by society. Violence is defined in Webster s Dictionary as: â€Å" Physical force employed so as to damage or injure. As an instance of violent action.† (Webster) If this is the case, then why is it that so many women are beaten by loved ones each year? And little or nothing is done to correct this violent situation? A battered woman is pictured by most people as a small and flimsy person who might once have been pretty. SheRead MorePhysical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Women1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Analysis Of A P By John Updike - 1560 Words

Jalen Johnson Ms. Mahaffey Eng 102 10/15/17 Feminism in AP In the story â€Å"AP† by John Updike he tries to portray the conventional lifestyle and tendency of his community. The story â€Å"AP† proves how feminism was a large part of the conservative lifestyle and is still present today. AP helps you visualize how sexism could be happening right under our noses. The story is told through the main character Sammy, who is an ordinary teenager in the small town. Sammy makes a courageous effort to fight feminism and introduces ideas of liberalism but sadly loses his job in the process. The story AP, based in the 1950’s, directly correlates to how women were treated in that time period. From the story AP we can learn the distinct and harsh gender†¦show more content†¦Originally when the girls come into the store Sammy thought the three girls were ignorant and foolish. This is seen from his lack of understanding of women â€Å"You never know for sure how girls’ minds work† (Updike 1) When Sammy says thi s he reveals what he really thinks of women. This not only shows he does not understand women but also how he assumes without previous knowledge that these three girls were ignorant. Sammy assumes they are ignorant because they do not see things the same way or do not see eye to eye. Sammy shows more of this when he says â€Å"Poor kids, I began to feel sorry for them, they couldn’t help it† (Updike 2). Sammy assumes that just because they are girls that they lack intelligence that men possess. He thinks that the girls should be afraid or fearful for trying to stand up for their cause. Sammy also does not view the girls as beings but rather objects. As in the story Sammy says â€Å"It is alright for those young girls to walk around in their bathing suits, but other women with six children and varicose veins, should put on some clothes.† (Updike 3) Based on this we can conclude that Sammy is not as interested in theShow MoreRelatedJohn Updike aP Analysis1508 Word s   |  7 PagesHanks Aamp;P- In John Updikes Aamp;P, choices and consequences are portrayed as a fundamental and recurring theme throughout the story. Many can understand the idea of repercussions for specific decisions and actions, which makes this story very relatable to most audiences. The story encompasses numerous ideologies paramount to human development and philosophy. Dismantling the story can help depict underlain meanings and asses the ambiguous nature of humanity. The construct of Aamp;P portraysRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike731 Words   |  3 PagesIn â€Å"AP†, John Updike uses compelling diction, language, and description to enhance the perspective of Sammy within the story and his final decision to quit his job. The use of imagery within the supermarket develops the environment Sammy worked in to a greater extent and painted diverse pictures of the customers. The derogatory descriptions of Lengel and some customers was also significant in terms of revealing Sammy’s emotio ns about his job at AP. The nature of the situation with the girls andRead MoreA P John Updike Analysis856 Words   |  4 PagesIn John Updike’s â€Å"A P†, he expresses the life of a young boy names Sammy, who works in a small food mart named A P. It’s a coming of age story that deals with puberty taking over the better of Sammy and trying to come out the hero when in reality he comes out looking like a fool. There is also one other detail that cause inner and outer conflicts with Sammy that lead to life lessons and the realization that not everyone is happy where they’re at in life, but if you work hard enough, anythingRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike1324 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 2015 Unavoidable Conflict Sammy is a local cashier in a grocery store called AP who resents the local town and disagrees with the local populous. A strong willed teenager who is more than aware of himself tries to get a firm footing in the town. When this backfires Sammy becomes drastic and hastily makes a decision to try to fix all of the issues. To capture this idea in AP by John Updike, it illustrates the struggles of a young teenage male, where his beliefs are against that ofRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The sheep pushing against the carts down the aisle - the girls were walking against the traffic - were pretty hilarious† (Updike AP). The title of this story is AP, written by John Updike. The main characters shown in this story are Sammy, The Three Girls, Lengel, and Stokesie. Here’s a brief summary, â€Å"Three girls walk into AP wearing bikinis. Sammy’s constantly looks at â€Å"Queenie†, the group leader. Stokesie joins in as Sammy watches the girls go aisle after aisle. As the girls reach to theRead MoreAnalysis of AP by John Updike533 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"AP† (supermarket) is a short story written by the hardworking and highly productive John Updike and narrated in first person by a 19-year-old protagonist and cashier named Sammy. It was published in 1961 and is about Sammy’s change of character and coming of age. Updike uses the various shifts in tone, great attention to detail, and a great deal of symbolism to portray the significant change. The opening sentence â€Å" In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (par.1) sets up the colloquialRead MoreAnalysis Of A P By John Updike895 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suits† (Updike 1). With the previous quote, would one believe that the storyline is set in a grocery store? In John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† Sammy is the main character. The entire narrative happens through his eyes. Having three out of the ordinary girls walk into the A P mystified Sammy as well as the other men in the store. The tale follows the girls around while they shop and until they leave. It carefully describes what aisles the girls pass throughRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P 1804 Words   |  8 Pagesit’s seemingly infallibility. Most young people feel invincible, but really it is their naivety and inability to understand the harsh concept of reality that enables this behavior. While a common theme in l iterature, John Updike gives the tale of youth a consumerist spin in â€Å"AP†. Updike tells the story of Sammy the cashier, who see’s himself as superior to those around him and believes he will turn out nothing like the adults he’s surrounded with. He seems to get his chance to be great when some beautifulRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P1293 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Updike is viewed by his readers as a progressive voice in his work that promotes feminist issues. He makes these issues stand out more evidently, rather than hidden, in order for the reader to realize how women are viewed in society. From reading Updike’s AP, the story sends the message to readers of genders working together to strive for equality. If readers do not carefully and actively read AP they may miss key messages about the power men hold over women, not just in society but in literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of John Updike s A P2577 Words   |  11 Pagescome together and dec lare allegiance to a similar core of beliefs. And, when they do, they ask a particular set of question about a literary work. Each different way of analyzing a literary work elicits a different set of questions. AP, a short story by John Updike, would best be analyzed by using the school of New Criticism and analyzing the journey Sammy, the narrator, experiences throughout the story. The school of New Criticism believes that the work’s overall meaning depends solely on the text

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Drama Homework Free Essays

The chosen character was Mrs. Johnston, she was a very calm and she cared a lot about her children but she didn’t have conditions to have twins so she cited to give one to Mrs. Lyons because she knew that Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Drama Homework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lyons would take good care Of her child and the child would have a good education. ‘ decided to explore the lion because they both have similarities, for example, mothers lion really care about her children. My eyebrows were raised, my mouth was little bit open to show that was shocked my hands were holding the chair very strongly and aggressive because lions are aggressive then I quickly got up and I gave three big large steps towards my partner, because lions have big paws and they are very fast. As a bit louder than her and my voice was bit pitched to show that I was transforming my character into a lion and my eyes were wide open, my eyebrows were raised from the inner sides to show sadness so I grabbed her clothes to show was desperate, I was nearly on my knees. My eyebrows pulled downwards towards the inner sides to show anger my mouth was wide open, I quickly stepped away from her because wanted to calm myself but my partner was getting a bit closer to me. Thought that both characters’ personality were similar because they are both retroactive and they really care about their children like for example, when Mrs. Johnston gave one of her twins she was thinking about his future and that he would have a better education and I think that a lion would do the same thing just to see their child grow in a better way. Another reason how linked both characters’ personality was that they are both brave and strong for example, Mrs. Johnston would do anything so her family can have something to eat even though that she hasn’t got a man to help her and a lion would do the same thing just to keep her children fed. The way transformed the animal characteristics into my character was that, a lion has big paws so their movement is big and large so my character had to have big Steps and large to show that I was pretending to be a lion. Another way I transformed the animal characteristics was that lions, are loud so whenever I was talking, I was always a bit louder than my partner to show how I was describing the lion. When I was exploring the lions characteristics was acting like a real lion, how they walk, how they attack, how they express their feelings, how protective hey are, how they relate with others etc.. When I was sure about how the lions are, started to act like Northernmost but with a lion personality but in a human body, for example my facial expression was angry to show that I was describing a lion. Another example the steps of a lion are big and large so I had to make the same movement as them but at the same time as a lady. What have noticed from my partner was that she looked a bit dizzy, because she was balancing side to side in a slowly way when she walked. Her facial expression, her eyes were wide open to show that she was paying attention ND I thought she wanted to show that she wanted me to get scared of her and that she wanted me to be possessed because of her eye contact. How to cite Drama Homework, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Ben Franklin Essay Older Women Example For Students

Ben Franklin Essay Older Women Benjamin Franklin During the period after Americas birth There were many incredible people but none more so than Benjamin Franklin. Ben is considered one of Americas greatest citizens. He accomplished many things in his lifetime; he was a scientist, an inventor, a politician, a printer, a philosopher, a musician, and an economist. At the age of twelve, Ben Franklin first began to learn the business of printing. As an apprentice to his older brother James, who had set up a printing office in Boston, Ben learned quickly. By the time Ben was seventeen, he was a fully skilled printer able to work in any print shop. With this skill, Ben was able to leave Boston and find work in both Philadelphia and London. In 1728, at the age of twenty-two, Franklin opened his own printing office in Philadelphia. He published a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette and his annual Poor Richards Almanac. He published cartoons and illustrated news stories, and letters to the editor. He believed in the p ower of the press, using his printing press as a way to bring the news to all people. He used cartoons and pictures so that everyone could understand the news, especially to people who had not learned to read. In 1731, Franklin set up the first ever circulating library where people could checkout books so they could read even if they couldnt afford to buy books. In the 1700s, a scientist was someone who thought about the way things work and tried to figure out ways to make things work better. Every time Ben Franklin saw a question and tried to answer it, Ben is most famous for his questions about electricity. He hypothesized that lightning was an electrical current. To test his theory he needed to see whether or not lightning would pass through metal. So he attached a metal key to a kite and flew it in a storm. His experiment proved that lightning was a stream of electrified air, known as plasma. Ben realized that lightning was immensely powerful, so he invented the lightning rod. The lightning rod is a piece of metal attached to a building, house, boat, etc. When lightning strikes the building the rod will attract it and channel the electricity down to the ground where it will do much less damage. This invention has help protect buildings of today greatly. In 1743, Ben Franklin was watching a storm move in. He wondered why the storms were moving the opposite direction from where the wind was blowing. Franklin believed that a storm course could be plotted. Ben chased the storm on horseback of a mile to see how it worked. He later printed weather forecasts in his almanac. In his travels across the Atlantic Ocean he became interested in ocean currents and shipbuilding. He measured temperatures on each of his eight trips to Europe and eventually plotted a Gulf Stream. In November of 1783, Ben was in Paris, France working on a Peace Treaty to end the American war against England. From his window, he saw the worlds first known hot air balloon flight. The balloon lifted the Montgolfier brothers off of the ground as the first human beings ever known to fly. Ben was very interested in the idea of flight. He predicted that balloons would eventually be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during battle. Bens natural curiosity about th ings and the way they work made him try to find ways to make things work better. A list of Benjamin Franklins inventions reveals a brilliant man. Ben was cursed with poor vision, both farsighted and nearsighted. Franklin got frustrated with having to take off his glasses every time he needed to read something. He wished his glasses could make him see far and near. In order to accomplish this, Franklin cut two pairs of lenses in half and put half of each lens in one frame, inventing what we call today, bifocals. Though Ben is not known for studding bioscience, he was interested in how the human body works. His contribution to the study of the body was his invention of the flexible catheter, an instrument for showing the bloods circulation. During his