Definition and Examples of Stasis in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Stasis in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, stasis is the process of, first, identifying the central issues in a dispute, and next finding arguments by which to address those issues effectively. Plural: staseis. Also called stasis theory or the stasis system. Stasis is a basic resource of invention. The Greek rhetorician Hermagoras of Temnos identified four major types (or divisions) of stasis: Latin coniectura, conjecturing about the fact at issue, whether or not something had been done at a particular time by a particular person: e.g., Did X actually kill Y?Definitiva, whether an admitted action falls under the legal definition of a crime: e.g., Was the admitted killing of Y by X murder or homicide?Generalis or qualitas, the issue of the quality of the action, including its motivation and possible justification: e.g., Was the murder of Y by X in some way justified by the circumstances?Translatio, objection to the legal process or transference of jurisdiction to a different tribunal: e.g., Can this court try X for a crime when X has been given immunity from prosecution or claims the crime was committed in another city? See Examples and Observations below. Also see: ArgumentationDissoi LogoiExigenceInventionJudicial RhetoricMetastasisTopoi EtymologyFrom the Greek, stance. placing, position Examples and Observations Although he recognized the need to define the question at issue in a trial, Aristotle did not develop a theory to cover the various possibilities, nor did he use the term stasis. . . . The word literally means stand, standing, stance, describes the stance of a boxer toward an opponent, and perhaps was transferred from that context to the stand taken by a speaker toward an opponent. Quintilian (3.6.23) saw the influence of Aristotles dialectical categories of substance, quantity, relation, and quality on concepts of stasis, which in Latin is called constitutio or status.(George A. Kennedy, A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton University. Press, 1994)Hermagoras was the most important contributor to stasis theory before the 2nd century AD and made stasis theory a much more important part of the rhetorical curriculum. However, only fragments of the works of Hermagoras have been preserved. Modern knowledge of the evolution of stasis theory is derived primarily from Rhetorica ad Herennium and Ciceros De Inventione.(Arthur R. Emmett, Hermogenes of Tarsus: Rhetorical Bridge From the Ancient World to the Modern. Rediscovering Rhetoric,  ed. by Justin T. Gleeson and Ruth C. A. Higgins. Federation Press, 2008) The Stasis SystemIn Book One of De Inventione, Cicero discusses a system for thinking through a judicial case, called the stasis (struggle or stopping point) system. An aspiring rhetorician could learn the skill by analyzing a case by dividing the debate into the likely issues of conflict, or stopping points. . . .Students studying a stasis system learned to think through cases by following the points at which disagreements were likely to arise. These points of stasis, or struggle, . . . divided a complex case into its component parts or questions. Arguments relevant to questions of fact, definition, and quality were rehearsed and thus integrated into the students pattern of thinking.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Allyn Bacon, 2008)The Stasis Doctrine: Three QuestionsThe stasis doctrine, a procedure for determining relevant issues, was a staple concept for the Roman rhetoricians. According to the simplest interpretation of this doctrine, three questions are i nvolved in the crux of a given case: (1) Did anything happen? a conjectural question answered by physical evidence; (2) What name should be applied to what happened? a question answered by precise definitions; (3) What sort of an action was it? a qualitative inquiry allowing the orator to specify mitigating circumstances.Additional material could be adduced by employing the topics.(Donovan J. Ochs, Ciceros Rhetorical Theory. A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric, 3rd ed., by James J. Murphy and Richard A. Katula. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003) The Stasis Doctrine Applied to Yogi BearTo return for a moment to Jellystone Park, conjectural stasis would have us ask whether Yogi Bear was responsible for the disappearance of the picnic basket, definitional stasis whether he grabbed it and snaffled the contents, qualitative stasis whether the bylaws of Jellystone Park prohibit the theft of picnic baskets, and translative status whether the alleged theft should be tried in a human court or whether this thieving wild animal should be summarily shot by a park ranger.(Sam Leith, Words Like Loaded Pistols: Rhetoric From Aristotle to Obama. Basic Books, 2012)Stasis theory has to this day exercised important influences on the development of Western law, even if the level of explicit attention to the doctrines of stasis in the rhetorical as well as the legal literature has fluctuated greatly.(Hanns Hohmann, Stasis, in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001) Pronunciation: STAY-sis Also Known As: stasis theory, issues, status, constitutio Alternate Spellings: staseis

Taylor Is an English Occupational Name for a Tailor

Taylor Is an English Occupational Name for a Tailor Taylor is an English occupational name for a tailor, from Old French tailleur for tailor which comes from the Latin taliare, meaning to cut.  Taylor may also be an Americanized version of one of the several European surnames that derive from the occupation of a  tailor, including Schneider (German), Szabà ³ (Hungarian), Portnoy (Russian), Krawiec (Polish) and Kleermaker (Dutch). The biblical meaning of Taylor translates to clothed with salvation and the name means eternal beauty. Learn about Taylors Americanized name, alternate surname spellings along with popular people who have the surname. Popular Baby Name Taylor is among the most commonly found surnames, due to its popularity as a medieval occupation.  Its surname origin being  English,  the given name Taylor ranked #24 in a list of most popular baby names by the U.S. Social Security Administration in the year 2007. It is a gender-neutral name used for both girls and boys in the United States, England, Wales, Canada and more. Alternate Surname Spellings TaylaTaylerTailourTaylourTailleurTailorTayloeTyler Famous People With the Surname James Taylor: Popular American singer/songwriterZachary Taylor: Twelfth President of the United StatesJohn Baxter Taylor: First African American Olympic gold medalist Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Taylor Family Genes DNA Surname Project: Join other Taylor males and females in sorting out the various Taylor ancestral lines worldwide through Y Chromosome and DNA genetic testing.Taylor Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Taylor surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Taylor query.FamilySearch - TAYLOR Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Taylor surname and its variations.TAYLOR Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Taylor surname. References and Further Reading Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD, Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Zero pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Zero pollution - Research Paper Example In this technological world, there are many techniques that can be used to prevent pollutants from getting into the atmosphere (Nemerow, 1995). However, the big question remains whether this hi-tech technology can be used to ensure that there is zero pollution in the world. This paper sets out to determine how different industries prevent environmental pollution. I will also discuss the feasibility of zero pollution concepts in this paper. The question of whether the world can exist with a state of zero pollution is one that has elicited a lot of reaction from different quarters. Many people might say that the level of pollution has risen to unmanageable levels which implies that such a state is only imaginary. It is known, for example, that the United States of America is the world’s largest energy consumer, most of its energy being derived from sources that are considered to be dirty. Some of these sources include natural gas, coal, oil, and nuclear energy, all of which lead to environmental pollution in one way or another. A significant portion of the energy used worldwide ends up being wasted through leaky windows, inefficient equipment or in one way or another. This wasted energy may also contribute to the pollution of the global environment. Other people have, against all odds, noted that zero pollution is achievable albeit at a significant cost and with considerable effort. Different pollutants of the environments can pollute the air, soil or water. The industrial sector is one of the most notorious polluters of the environment. Most manufacturing, mining and utility industries normally emit toxic substances which end up choking the environment as noted by McKinney, Schoch and Yonavjak (2007). Pollution from different industries has led to global warming, which has in turn had a huge impact on climate change. However, different countries and organizations have been at the forefront

Find Wikipedia links related to Global economy Assignment

Find Wikipedia links related to Global economy - Assignment Example Therefore, this information needs to be enriched and updated. I have selected this as a Wikipedia search topic because it is an important element of the global economy. The growth of the world economy heavily relies on international trade, and I therefore find this aspect very important. In the modern globalized economy, the social and political impact of international trade cannot be underestimated. However, after reading the information on international trade on Wikipedia, little focus is given on key issues such as drivers of international trade, barriers and future prospects. In addition, the real impacts of international trade on various regions and countries are not fully highlighted. There is need to add more information on this topic focusing on the current drivers of international trade and the future prospects. As the world becomes a global village, economic globalization is a major driver of growth. Therefore, I have selected this topic since it directly affects our global economy. Wikipedia provides some information on the history and effects of economic globalization, but this information is not in detail. In particular, the impact of economic globalization on various regions and continents is not given. There is need to add more information on the past and emerging trends of economic globalization and their

Use of language blood wedding Essay Example for Free

Use of language blood wedding Essay Lorca uses language throughout the play for many different situations, such as describing characters feelings, carrying the sub-plot and uncovering the main plot. By using language in different ways, Lorca is able to make the play more appealing and with deeper meaning. Act two, scene one, Bride: Bride- Dark clouds. A cold wind here inside me. Doesnt everyone feel it? - page 53 In this speech by the Bride, Lorca has been able to describe the brides inner most feelings. When the bride states that she has a cold wind here inside me, Lorca is showing that the bride is uneasy and probably scared about getting married. Lorca uses the language to describe a feeling which comes from the body of the bride, which creates a personal effect for the audience (the audience are able to understand the brides inner feelings). Also the playwright has also created imagery of wind which could be related to a physical storm or a storm which the bride may be in because of her future marriage. Lorca then uses a rhetorical question (doesnt everyone feel it) in which he addresses a feeling of loneliness in which the bride may be suffering. By doing this Lorca has been able to show feelings though the use of language, this creates more effect and interaction from the audience. If I was to vocalise the text, I would add expression to the sentence a cold wind here inside me by using a more frightened tone in my voice, as well as visualising a movement in which I change my body language to become more defensive (by curling my body to symbolise defence and fear). Act two, scene one, Bridegroom: Bridegroom- My arms are strong. Im going to hold you for forty years without stopping. - page 61 In this quotation, Lorca has expressed the bridegrooms love for the bride by stating that he will hold you (the bride) for forty years. Also in this quotation, Lorca heightens the brides feelings of being trapped and unable to escape. This could be seen by imagery of the bridegroom clenching the bride in his arms, expressing the strength the bridegroom may have. This is an effective use of language as it shows that the bridegroom cares for the bride immensely, as well expressing the feelings the bride has. If I was to vocalise this quotation, I would emphasise the strength of the bridegroom with physical gestures such as enclosing the bridegrooms arms around the bride. Act two, scene two, Mother: A bad day? The only good one. For me it was like an inheritance. The breaking-up of soil, the planting of new trees! Lorca uses language in this speech by the mother to express the mothers happiness. He does this by stating that the marriage was like an inheritance. By using the word inheritance in this way to describe the marriage, Lorca has been able to refer to the marriage as a gain, which shows the mothers view. This therefore is an effective use of language as it expresses a characters view. In this quotation, Lorca also describes the marriage as the breaking-up of soil, the planting of new trees! which gives the impression that the marriage is the start of something new. This quotation can also show the repetition in the play; due to the cycle of planting of trees and soil being broken up. In this quotation, the playwright has been able to manipulate the audience into believing that the marriage is more like a process by using language effectively. Act three, scene one, bridegroom: You see this arm? Well its not my arm. Its my brothers arm and my fathers and my whole dead familys. And its got such strength; it could tear this tree from its roots if it wanted to. - page 79 In this quotation, Lorca has been able to use language to produce imagery in the audiences mind; by stating the arm could tear this tree from its roots. This makes the audience imagine the arm having immense strength. Also in this quotation, Lorca has been able to show that the bridegroom is bound to the rest of the family by stating that his arm belongs to his brother and father. This is an effective use of language as it shows that the bridegroom feels tide down by his family. This quotation also makes another reference to blood. This could be seen to show the link to blood relatives and how they are connected to someone by having the same blood. If I were to vocalise the quotation I would use gestures of the bridegrooms arms being tied together. I would do this as the language emphasises that the bridegroom is bound to his family. Act three, scene two, Mother: Your tears are tears that come from your eyes, thats all. But mine will come, when Im all alone, from the soles of my feet, from my roots, and theyll burn hotter than blood. - page 88-89 The playwright uses language here to describe the tears that the tears the mother will cry will burn hotter than blood and come from the soles of my feet. This means that Lorca has been able to express tears as been a hot deadly liquid, which gives the impression that the tears are scorching, and are more than tears. This is an effective use of language as it again shows imagery. Also Lorca has shown that the tears are precious as he has stated that they come from the roots of the mother. This shows that Lorca has used language to show the mothers emotions, which is effective for the audience. Throughout the play, Lorca uses different styles of language to express different ways the bride talks to the bridegroom, Leonardo and the maid. For instance, the bride treats the characters differently, such as treating the maid as if she owns her, therefore imposing her authority and instructing her what to do. The bride treats the bridegroom as if she is trying to avoid communication with him and being as abrupt as possible. However the bride communicates her feelings with Leonardo as well as showing passion and lust when speaking to him. Lorcas style of writing is expressed in his use of poetry. When expressing the lullabies Lorca uses romance and passion which shows that his style of writing helps the poem and play flow.

Ginseng :: Botany

Ginseng Ginseng has long been recognized as an herb possessing great value. The first written record of the use of ginseng can be found in a Chinese Herbal dated in the 1st Century B.C. This Chinese Herbal, Shen-nung pen ts'ao ching, was surely preceded by a long verbal history of ginseng for in ancient China, ginseng was always held in the highest esteem as a powerful drug (5). History shows that early Chinese emperors placed great value in ginseng. Early emperors proclaimed its roots as having many uses, primarily as a tonic or stimulant for both physical and mental disorders (9). In addition, it was used for increasing fertility and sexuality, and most importantly for strengthening the body. In fact, ginseng was so esteemed as a botanical drug that it was an important trade commodity, at times serving as payment for ransom and as payments of tribute to the Chinese government (3). As the demand for ginseng increased, cultivation of the plant was initiated to offset the dwindling supply of wild ginseng. The earliest plantations were in southeastern Manchuria and what is present day North Korea (5). Missionaries in China during the early 1700s became aware of ginseng and subsequently their knowledge of its commercial value spread to eastern North America. The export of wild ginseng root from America to the Orient began in the early 1700s. In 1773 the sloop "Hingham" sailed from Boston to China with 55 tons of ginseng on board. The first shipment of ginseng to China after the American Revolution is reported to have been made by John Jacob Astor from New York in 1782. The root from that shipment was said to have been sold for three dollars a pound. As in Asia, wild American ginseng became scarce. Its cultivation began in the 19th Century with much of the plant being grown in Wisconsin and Ohio. It has been reported that nearly 21,000 tons of American ginseng has been exported between 1821 and 1983 (1). Ginseng is the common name of two species of Panax of the family Araliaceae. Panax ginseng is the Asian species and Panax quinquefolius is the American species. Harding (1972) describes four varieties of P. ginseng and three varieties of P. quinquefolius (4). Shorter forms of the common name ginseng, "sang" and "seng", are used in the United States. Other common names include red-berry and five fingers. Ginseng is a perennial herb 60-80 cm tall.

Developmental economics Essay

Brain drain which is also known as the human capital flight, which can simply be defined mass migration of technically skilled people from one country to another country. In more simple words brain drain refers to the departure of skilled and educated people, like doctors, engineers, accountants, economists, scientists from one country to another to seek better life opportunities. Developing nations like Pakistan is badly suffering from brain drain. According to official estimates of Pakistan’s Overseas Employment Corporation, close to 36,000 professionals, including doctors, engineers and teachers, have migrated to other countries in the last 30 years. This report is based on the brain drain which has taken Pakistan aback, because of the very mass migration in the last few years. The background is given first which explains what brain drain really is. Then further the introduction is given which tells which parts of the world are affected by the brain drain and which ones are benefited by the brain gain. In the literature review part, different articles are summarized which gives us the detailed information about the current situation of brain drain in Pakistan and other developing countries. The last but the important part is the analysis in which all the articles are analyzed and then suggestions are given. Introduction: In the history there are many examples of brain drain. The brain drain initially started in 1492 when Jews were expelled after the catholic re conquest of Spain. As the Jews were dominating financial services in the country, so their migration caused future economic problems in Spain. This was the first brain drain which happened in the history. In 1685 we get an example of a huge brain drain with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1000,000 in France, where the king Louis XIV forced the Protestants to walk out of the country. The migration of Protestants, who were technically skilled, was a huge loss from which the kingdom could not recover for many years. In 1930’s the law in Europe caused the migration of many scientists to US. Albert Einstein was one of the migrating ones, who permanently migrated to us from Germany in 1933. Brain drain is common among developing Asian nations: India, Pakistan, Middle East countries like Iran and Iraq, African countries etc. In contrast developed countries like USA, Canada, and UK etc have brain gain from this happening. Brain drain usually affects the developing or under developing countries due to mass migration of technically skilled people to developed countries, which in turn are benefited by the brain gain. In the recent years, developing country Pakistan has suffered a lot from the brain drain. Philip Bonosky, who writes in his book ‘Washington secret war against Afghanistan† that Pakistan, is the only country who has suffered from the brain drain to a great extent. The graduates migrate in order to get jobs, because nearly 3000 fresh graduates are jobless yearly. Number of Pakistanis migrating to different countries is increasing every year, and most of the migrating people are educated, either doctors, engineers, or other professionals who has no hope of better career in Pakistan. Not only the professionals but also the workers and labor also want to go abroad for higher pays. The brain drain is usually a problem in the poor countries like Pakistan, with very unstable economic situations. Poor people usually suffers because they do not earn enough to serve their families, which eventually leads to migrate to the developed countries, who offers them incentives and higher pays which can improve their living standards. Literature review: According to Dodani and Laporte’s article, the health care migrations to the developed countries are from the developing countries, especially south Asia. This migration is a growing concern in the developing countries because such an outflow of medical doctors from these countries has an adverse affect on health of the population of home countries of the migrants. Dodani and Laporte also points out that the developing countries are working hard to apply such policies which can slow down the migrations, but they say that this might not be possible because of unstable economic and political situations of the home country. Dodani and Laporte also claim that the main cause of the migration is the huge difference in the pays that the doctors receive in the source country and the destination country. According to the article the Pakistani doctorates are not awarded for their good performance, which make them migrate to developed countries. Dodani and Laporte suggests that the developed countries needs to find out the major reasons behind the mass migration and needs to resolve their security problems and provide the doctorates with opportunities in future. According to the research paper by Jenkins R, Kydd R, Mullen P, Thomson K, Sculley J, et al, huge numbers of psychiatrists who are working in the developed countries are from the poor or developing countries, including Pakistan. They mentioned a survey conducted by World Psychiatric Association Taskforce on brain drain regarding the reason for the migration of psychiatrists, and the survey showed that the main reason was the lack of multidisciplinary approach and the poor treatment conditions of the patients. The researchers also pointed out that the health workers also have the right to lead a better life, give proper education to their children. The lack of the economic and political stability and the lack of better living conditions the health workers have no other option other then migration. The researcher mentioned the frequent argument done regarding brain drain that the poor countries also gain form the remittance that the migrants send back to the source countries. So the researchers argue hat the loss of one health worker is much larger then the gain of remittance, which is not given to the poor people of the country, rather is sent to the family which is already better off. According to Mullen, MD’s article, the Indian subcontinent which includes Pakistan is the main source of physician for the recipient countries. According to the article, International medical graduates constitute between 23 and 28 percent of the physician workforces of the recipient countries, with lower-income countries contributing between 40. 0 percent (in Australia) and 75. 2 percent (in the United Kingdom) of the international medical graduates in recipient countries Mullen claims that the subcontinent, which is India and Pakistan is badly affected by the brain drain, Mullen argues that, although the source country is benefited from the payments that the migrants send to their country but yet it adversely affects the situation back in their country. It affects their own nation’s ability to survive due to lack of physicians in their country. According to Saracen’s article, the labor in developing nations are paid less because of the majority being unskilled, due to which the skilled labor also suffers by getting lower pays which makes them migrate to other countries in order to get higher pays and better standards of living. According to the article, the brain drain has an adverse affect because the home country spends a lot on educating and training the individuals, who then migrate and benefit the developed countries that have not spent a penny on their education. Saracen’s argues that the Developing countries, such as Pakistan suffers from brain drain due to lack of infrastructure, whereas the Developed Countries benefits from the process. Saracen’s suggests that the government should make future planning regarding the improvement of living standards and properly allocate the societies abilities.

Bruce Dawe’s “Enter Without So Much As Knocking” Essay

â€Å"Remember, man, thou art but dust, and unto dust though shalt return.† This is a translation of the quotation which begins Dawe’s poem, Enter Without So Much As Knocking. The quote reminds us that life is not forever; and that we are all faced with mortality. The poem itself is discussing a man’s journey from birth to death and how all around him life is interpreted by material possessions. At the beginning of the first stanza, the sentences have been made very short and simple, as if to demonstrate the thoughts of a new born child. The first voice that the baby hears when he is born is Bobby Dazzler, one of Australia’s first game shows. The very first thing that the baby hears is not the voice of his mother, nor the voice of his father, but the voice of materialism. This first stanza instantly creates the feeling of a home in the 1950s, where television was something new. The ellipsis that connects the first and second stanzas demonstrates a change in time, in this case, a change of a couple of years. The words used in the second stanza, such as â€Å"well-equipped† and â€Å"economy-size†, are words that were constantly used in commercials at the time, as if life was being sold to the child. This use of a commercial like structure is also evident in the way that the family is depicted, each with its own stereotype: an â€Å"Economy Sized Mum†, a sexist description typical to the 50s; an â€Å"Anthony Squires – Coolstream – Summerweight Dad†, Anthony Squires referring to an Australian brand of suit; and â€Å"two other kids straight off the Junior Department Rack†, referring to the baby’s siblings, each free of gender and age and recognised only by the type of clothing that they wear. From these two stanzas, Dawe is able to create not only a vivid image of the typical family in the 1950s, but also give us an insight to the TV culture that they are living and what effect it has on the family. The thirds stanza discusses what happens when the Mum character wins the Luck’s-A-Fortch Tricky-Tune Quiz. She takes the boy shopping. They set off in the â€Å"good-as-new station-wagon†, yet more advertising jargon which  describes the family’s second-hand car. The short phrases that follow are describing a child’s view of a road trip and the many rules that come with it. The statements begin as typical road warnings â€Å"WALK. DON’T WALK.† and become more satirical as they continue, for example â€Å"NO BREATHING EXCEPT BY ORDER†. These phrases represent the signs that a child may recognise on a trip. After these, there are the sounds that are present on a car trip, as well as the sound of Mum complaining. The numerous â€Å"beeps† that are present may represent both the beeping of a car horn as well as censorship of swear words, a likely situation especially in the last capitalised beep. This situation creates an image or a race to get somewhere. It could be seen as Dawe’s expression of likening a traffic jam in the hurry to get to somewhere to the race of people to get to a certain place in their career or in their life. This entire stanza dictates fast and hectic circumstances, which change suddenly when arriving at the fourth stanza. The first word in the fourth stanza, however, followed by a comma, immediately slows the reader down by forcing them to pause. The stanza goes on to tell of how although the boy is surrounded by so much commercialism and fast-paced life, such as the fifty-foot screen and the giant faces projected onto it, he is able to enjoy a natural wonder of the world, the stars. It is here that there is the first mention of the boy’s emotions, where Dawe writes of the boy enjoying something. When describing the way the starts are sprinkled over the sky, Dawe has used the word littered, which usually has negative connotations. This could be because the stars had not yet been changed by our world, and if they were left as they were, untouched, they were not as good as what we had created on our Earth. The stanza ends on a slightly low note because of Dawe’s metaphor of the stars being like â€Å"kids at the circus† Dawe is trying to show how the stars are close enough to the Earth for the boy to reach, and therefore, for the boy to get â€Å"kicked†, or hurt. As in the beginning of the fourth stanza, the first word of the stanza brings the reader back to a different part of the boy’s life and a different event. This new event shows the character as no longer a boy, representing innocence, but in the company of â€Å"godless money-hungry back-stabbing  miserable so-and-sos†. We can tell from this that Dawe is trying to show that the boy has now grown up and has been introduced to the â€Å"real world† and is now already a middle-aged man. The phrase â€Å"goodbye stars† relates back to the fourth stanza. He must also farewell the â€Å"soft cry in the corner†; a farewell to any emotions. It is at this point that Dawe includes the adult voice of the boy. The character speaks the need to care for yourself first and foremost, no need to think about the effect it may have on others, shown in the statement â€Å"hit wherever you see a head and kick whoever’s down†. This harsh change from innocent boy to selfish man is how Dawe is creating the character. The adult man is shaped by his dialogue in the poem. The character has grown up and no longer discusses his family, yet no mention of a wife or children is present until the next stanza, and then only to criticize. This fifth stanza is the first one to portray him as an adult, and Dawe has managed to make the character seem harsh and unkind. The sixth stanza introduces Alice, most probably the characters wife. The character also criticizes Clare Jessup, indicating his hypocritical nature. The sixth stanza is very short, as it seems as though it was cut short because of what happened next. Obviously the car is involved in an accident, shown by the last two words of the stanza â€Å"watch it† followed by a dash, leaving the reader to imagine the incident. The dash that ends the stanza shows how short the moment between life and death is, and how it happens in the blink of an eye. Until this point, Dawe has been able to create the entire persona of the character, starting from birth and ending at death. Dawe is able to show how through different events a person is moulded into the character which they become. As the character has died, the narrator returns once more to an outsider, and observer. The reaction to those who possibly attend his funeral where they see his body, is strangely surreal; as they focus not on his life and personality, but on what a good job the morticians did on giving him a fake tan. The idea here is that he’s dead, but at least he looks good. The line † the old automatic smile with nothing behind it† describes how much of a disguise he had created for himself. No-one knew him for who he was because he had spent so long trying to conform to society and kill his  individualism. The last few lines of the poem relate back to his life. â€Å"winding the whole show up† refers to the man’s life as if it were a television show, now finished, as well as the ending of the poem. The end of the poem also states what the man has left, the parking tickets, taximeters and Bobby Dazzlers. These are all material things. There is no mention of any loved one, such as his wife; or the rest of his family that are spoken about earlier in the poem. Instead, there is talk of him leaving the â€Å"grieving over halitosis, flat feet, shrinking gums and falling hair†. The term grieving is usually used to describe the process after someone has passed on, yet in this case is used to show worry over such trivial matters. The second last line in the poem, â€Å"six feet down nobody interested† shows how society regards the dead: he doesn’t affect people anymore, so nobody cares. The last line links back to the first. â€Å"Blink, blink. CEMETERY. Silence†. Just like he came into this life, the man blinks into death and into silence, an ending.

Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example

Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Research Paper Example Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Tesla Motors Financial Analysis Essay Paper Introduction In this paper I intend to supply a sound fiscal analysis of Tesla Motors Incorporated. I will make so by ciphering and supplying liquidness. profitableness. and solvency ratios and so measuring those consequences. Assessment of these ratios will more or less define Tesla Motors’ abilities to run into its short-run debts and duties ( liquidness ) . public presentation in relation to gross revenues. assets. and net incomes or losingss ( profitableness ) . and the resulting income sum. after revenue enhancement tax write-offs. against the company’s liabilities ( solvency ) . Additionally I will compare Tesla Motors’ fiscal place against that of General Motors Company to break depict how the company is executing within its industry. The Earth is in danger of quickly overheating. Global heating is the widely accepted theory that states that the complete production of air pollutants such as C dioxide will do the Earth’s mean temperature to lift yearly until it reaches an irreversible threshold which will do the planet to heat up so much it will go uninhabitable. Cars have been a major subscriber to air pollution over the old ages. Gasoline fueled engines have churned out impossible sums of gasses into the atmosphere adding to the job. Until late there have been no feasible alternate vehicles to gasoline fueled autos. Even intercrossed autos haven’t to the full taken away the dependence for gasolene. Fully electric autos can cut down our dependence on fossil fuels. cut down nursery gas emanations. and hopefully change by reversal the harm done to Earth’s atmosphere. Tesla Motors is the electric auto maker paving the route to this greener universe. Background Tesla Motors is a United States auto fabricating company based in Palo Alto California. The company was founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in July 2003. The historic electrical applied scientist and physicist. Nikoka Tesla. is the beginning of Tesla Motors’ company name and is really fitting. The jumping current motor used in the Tesla Roadster is really derived from Nikola Tesla’s original 1882 design. Tesla Motors is a publicly traded company that produces to the full electronic vehicles. Tesla Motors began to set itself on the map when it produced the Tesla Roadster – the first to the full electric athleticss auto. Following the Tesla Roadster was a to the full electric luxury saloon called the Model S. The Tesla Roadster was a immense success for the company. It was an all-electric athleticss auto capable of going more than 200 stat mis on a individual charge. It was highly advanced and the first to the full electronic car to utilize lithium-ion battery cells. The Roadster was featured on the screen of Time Magazine and received their â€Å"Best Inventions 2006 – Transportation Invention† award. The first one hundred Tesla Roadsters sold out in less than three hebdomads. The Model S is the current criterion Tesla vehicle in production today. The auto was foremost announced in 2008 and hit the US retail market in June 2012. The Model S with its highest battery option could make distances every bit far as 265 stat mis in a individual charge. This auto has been Tesla Motor’s highest accomplishment yet being the receiver of several awards including â€Å"Car of the Year† for both Motor Trend and World Green Car magazines in 2013 and besides Time Magazine’s â€Å"Best 25 Inventions of the Year 2012† award. Tesla Motors has programs to get down production on its newest auto. the Model X. get downing in 2014. Ratio Analysis Liquid Investors or creditors use liquidness ratios to assist them find if a company is a safe investing or how likely they are to refund a debt. Liquidity is a step of a company’s ability when it comes to refunding go oning debts as they come due. For most liquidity ratios. analysts are looking for high Numberss ; the higher the value the better that company is at refunding short-run debts. The liquidness ratios I will lucubrate on for Tesla Motors will be the current ratio. working capital. hard currency flow from runing activities to current liabilities. stock list turnover rate. and the yearss to sell the mean stock list. The current ratio straight relates the company’s current assets against its current liabilities. A good current ratio will be over 1. For illustration if the current ratio were 2. 0 this would intend that the company’s current assets are twice every bit big as its current liabilities. For Tesla Motors the current ratio beads significantly over the old ages. It starts at 2. 76 in 2010. so drops to 1. 95 in 2011. and eventually reaches 0. 97 in 2012. As you can see the current ratio in 2012 is below one. The current ratio of 0. 97 agencies that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The on the job capital besides has a direct relationship with the company’s current assets and current liabilities. The on the job capital should be positive in order to be considered good. To find the on the job capital the current liabilities are subtracted from the current assets. As in the current ratio illustration the same form will demo in the on the job capital. It will worsen from 2010 to 2011 and so will go negative in 2012. This form shows a diminution in Tesla Motors ability to utilize current resources to refund its debts. The ability for a company to pay presently maturating debts from periodic operations is determined by the hard currency flow from operations to current liabilities. To cipher this ratio you divide the hard currency flows from runing activities over the current liabilities. A good scenario would be to hold a higher numerator ( more hard currency flow from runing activities ) than the denominator ( current liabilities ) . This would bespeak that the company could easy cover its current liabilities with its operating hard currency flow. Tesla Motors nevertheless does non hold a higher numerator. In fact its operating activities hard currency flow shows a negative value for all three old ages – though one thing to see is that th e value has become less negative as the twelvemonth 2012 approached. Both the stock list turnover rate and the yearss to sell the mean stock list can state investors how rapidly stock list will sell on norm. A high stock list turnover rate will bespeak that a company is making good in footings of selling its merchandises and will non hold extra stock list. The yearss to sell the mean stock list will demo. on norm. how many yearss it will take to sell stock list after production. Tesla Motors fluctuates up and down within the old ages but finally settles at an stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 and 167. 80 yearss to sell the mean stock list. The stock list turnover rate of 2. 41 may look good but when compared to the industry norm Tesla Motors is missing. Profitableness Investors use profitability ratios to reason how much return they can do on the company in inquiry. These ratios show how good a company is making based on how much net income they can bring forth. The profitableness ratios will be a good contemplation of a company’s overall public presentation in footings of efficiency and net incomes. The ratios used in measuring Tesla Motors profitableness are the gross net income rate. return on equity. net income as a per centum of gross revenues. return on assets. and runing disbursal ratio. The gross net income rate is a simple step of how profitable a company’s merchandises are. It is calculated by spliting the gross net income by the net gross revenues. A good figure for the gross net income rate would be a high positive figure. Again Tesla Motors shows lessenings as the gross net income rate falls from 26 % in 2010 to merely 7 % in 2012. To find if the company does good utilizing investors’ capital an analyst would mention to the return on equity. You would about ever want to see a positive figure here if you were to put your money into a company. In this instance. Tesla Motors’ return on equity ratio becomes steadily more negative stoping up at -2. 27. The net income as a per centum of net gross revenues should be a big positive figure to demo that a company is making good. Some companies show net loss instead than net income. In this instance the company is non making good and the ratio will reflect that as a negative per centum. For Tesla Motors the per centum is -96 % . This figure has become less negative than it had been in 2010 but is still non a good figure. The return on assets ratio is a manner to mensurate the productiveness of assets. without respect to how the assets are being financed. Since Tesla Motors has a negative operating income for all three old ages we know that the return on assets for those old ages will be negative since the ratio is calculated by spliting the operating income over the mean entire assets. A good index of a company’s ability to pull off their disbursals is the operating disbursal ratio. For this ratio a lower consequence is optimum because that would intend that the operating disbursals are low compared to the net gross revenues. The tendency for Tesla Motors indicates that the operating disbursal ratio is worsening from 2010 to 2012 which would in itself be a good thing if the ratio wasn’t already so high. In fact the operating disbursals are higher than the net gross revenues for all three old ages. Solvency Analysts looking for a good measuring of how likely it is that a company will continually be run intoing its debts and recognition duties will turn to solvency ratios to happen replies. High solvency ratios will normally bespeak that a company has a better likeliness to refund its debts while lower solvency ratios will be deemed high hazard are less likely to be unable to refund debts. The ratios I will research for solvency are the debt ratio. involvement coverage ratio. and the tendency in net hard currency provided by operating activities. The debt ratio is calculated merely by spliting the company’s entire liabilities over its entire assets – therefore the consequence is the liabilities as a per centum of assets. This is utile for gauging long-run liquidness of a company. In this instance lower per centums indicate a safer investing. Investors would wish to see that a company’s debt is a little fraction of its resources. Unfortunately Tesla Motors’ debt ratio increases over the old ages until it reaches a debt ratio of 0. 89. This means that their entire liabilities are 89 % of their entire assets. A company’s involvement coverage ratio is a on a regular basis used ratio used to find creditors’ safety. It reflects the ratio of runing income that is available for the payment of involvement to the one-year involvement disbursal. It is widely agreed that an involvement coverage ratio above 2. 0 is considered strong. In the instance of Tesla Motors the involvement coverage ratios are wildly negative – although they have improved from 2011 to 2012. The tendency in net hard currency provided by runing activities dictates an entities ability to bring forth the hard currency needed in order to refund its debts and duties. Tesla Motors’ trends in net hard currency provided by operating activities are negative which is non good. It shows a deficiency in the ability to bring f orth hard currency for duties and does non look safe. GM Comparison General Motors is an constituted auto maker and a rival of Tesla Motors. The companies differ in merchandise offering in that GM produces standard vehicles while Tesla produces electrical vehicles. General Motors is a big and good known maker and represents a good part of the industry. Most analysts would state you that as of 2012 General Motors has been in a better fiscal place than Tesla Motors. That seems to be true every bit far as the Numberss reflect. For illustration I mentioned earlier that Tesla Motors’ current ratio was 0. 97 significance that as of December 2012. Tesla Motors has more current liabilities than current assets. The current ratio for GM peers out to be 1. 30. This means that General Motors has more current assets than current liabilities. Again Tesla Motors’ stock list turnover rate and yearss to sell the mean stock list are 2. 41 and 151. 73 severally for 2012. General Motors has much better Numberss with an stock list turnover rate of 9. 77 and 37. 35 yearss to sell mean stock list for the same twelvemonth. One interesting comparing between Tesla Motors and GM is the gross net income rate. As it turns out the Gross Net income rate is equal between the two companies for 2012 at 7 % . This similarity shows that both companies have about the same ability to pay their operating expense. It is pretty clear that GM has Tesla round in most countries right now. There are so many negative values in the Tesla computations that I had to treble look into my work to do certain I wasn’t doing errors in the computations. One of the most of import things to observe is that Tesla has been runing at a loss for each twelvemonth while GM has systematically posted income. Decision Based wholly on the analysis provided in this paper I would non happen Tesla Motors to be a worthwhile investing. The ratios and computations of liquidness. profitableness. and solvency do non reflect good consequences. Even consequences that are slightly ‘ok’ are missing when compared to rivals within the industry. Interestingly the twelvemonth 2013 looks to hold been a great twelvemonth for Tesla Motors. The March 31 2013 quarterly income statement is the first to demo net incomes in old ages. The Tesla Motors stock monetary value has skyrocketed from near $ 30 per portion at the terminal of 2013 to near $ 200 a portion current twenty-four hours. I think Tesla Motors continual operating losingss and negative ratios can be attributed to research and development among other startup costs. Tesla Motors has increased in celebrity and popularity all over the universe and I would non be surprised if they did non have a big sector of the car industry in the hereafter. With this cognition I may hold to reconsider whether I would put in Tesla or non. One thing is for certain ; electric vehicles are the hereafter of autos and Tesla Motors is paving the manner. Mentions 1. Financial A ; Managerial Accounting 16th Edition – Williams et Al. 2. Yahoo Finance: Tesla Motors. Inc. ( TSLA ) – World Wide Web. finance. yokel. com 3. Tesla Motors Website – World Wide Web. teslamotors. com

Boar, Boor, and Bore - Commonly Confused Words

Boar, Boor, and Bore - Commonly Confused Words The noun boar refers to an uncastrated pig. The noun boor refers to a rude or ill-mannered person. As a verb, bore means to make a hole or passage or to become tiresome or dull. In addition, bore is the past tense of the irregular verb bear.​ As a noun, bore refers to a hole made by boring, the hollow part of a tube, or someone or something that is dull and tiresome. See also: Board and Bored Examples My grandmother once stepped out onto the front porch and shot a boar that was attacking her dogs.To avoid having to attend dinner parties, Jon played the part of a hopeless boor- an uncouth country bumpkin.An engineer conceived a plan to bore a tunnel through the mountain ridge to speed upriver freight traffic.The graduation speaker was a complete bore, and half the audience went to sleep. Practice (a) These creatures _____ into the limestone by dissolving it with an acidic chemical they excrete.(b) It was a Norse tradition to eat wild _____ at Yuletide.(c) If an Englishman settles in Australia, he is regarded as a _____ if he criticizes all things Australian and constantly harps on how much better the English are.(d) Phils friends say that he has become a total _____, talking about nothing but his children and his golf game. Answers to Practice Exercises:Boar, Boor, and Bore (a) These creatures  bore  into the limestone by dissolving it with an acidic chemical they excrete.(b) It was a Norse tradition to eat wild  boar  at Yuletide.(c) If an Englishman settles in Australia, he is regarded as a  boor  if he criticizes all things Australian and constantly harps on how much better the English are.(d) Phils friends say that he has become a total  bore, talking about nothing but his children and his golf game.

Navigation Systems Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Navigation Systems Inc - Essay Example One can buy a foreign currency for a month from today, or for two months from today. It is clear that the repatriation must be made using a spot rate because it gives a greater amount of conversion with that of a forward exchange rate. The company must be advised to convert its income at spot transaction for a greater yield. Benefits can be derived using a currency option or a currency swaption especially when the exchange rates are high and will yield a greater amount of that currency. Foreign exchange market is where the exchange rate is determined. This market is not a single gathering place where traders shout buy and sell orders at each other. Traders work at their desk dealing with each other by computer and by phone. The daily volume of business dealt with on the foreign exchange markets in 1998 was estimated to be over $2.5 trillion dollars. (Daily volume on New York Stock Exchanges is about $20 billion) Today (2006) it may be about $5 trillion dollars. The daily volume of the foreign exchange market in North America in October 2005 was about $440 billion. The Foreign Exchange market expanded considerably since President Nixon closed the gold window and currencies were left afloat vis--vis other currencies and speculators could profit from their transactions. Until recently, this market was used mostly by banks, who fully appreciated the excellent opportunities to increase their profits.